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Facts: The municipal civil registrar suspends Ms. Esperanza Cruz, a deputy registrar, for alleged falsification of voter registration data. The preventive suspension is issued for 12 days without notice or opportunity to be heard, and Cruz is not provided transcripts or evidence supporting the charge. After 12 days, the registrar terminates Cruz in writing, again without a formal hearing, investigation, or written findings. Cruz files a civil action claiming that the preventive suspension and subsequent termination violated procedural due process. (a) Identify the controlling doctrine on procedural due process applicable to administrative actions under Philippine law. (b) Apply the doctrine to Cruz’s facts and determine whether the suspension and termination violated due process. (c) If there was a due-process violation, what remedy should Cruz obtain.