Flashcards Studio

Scenario: Country B conducts a sudden cross-border raid using small naval craft against a Philippine coastal outpost on Samar, injuring one officer and damaging facilities. There is no UN Security Council authorization and no formal declaration of war. The Philippine government contends the raid amounts to an 'armed attack' and asserts it may respond in self-defense, including potentially kinetic measures. (a) Identify the governing doctrine on use of force short of war applicable to the Philippines. (b) Distinguish the controlling rule between self-defense and other state actions and explain the limits of recourse to force. (c) Apply the doctrine to the facts and determine whether the Philippines may lawfully respond with force, including whether the response would be lawful self-defense and what limits apply.