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Lia, a married woman, suspects her husband Marco is living with a mistress Nina in their conjugal dwelling and is having sexual relations with Nina. Lia wishes to prosecute Marco for concubinage.
a) Identify who may prosecute the offense of concubinage under the Rules of Court and why.
b) Determine whether concubinage can be prosecuted de oficio or only upon private complaint, naming the offended party.
c) If Lia files a private complaint with the Office of the City Prosecutor, outline the steps from preliminary investigation to resolution; what happens if Lia does not file a private complaint?