Flashcards Studio

In a civil action, the plaintiff seeks to admit into evidence an online contract stored as an electronic document, which bears an electronic signature generated by the signer’s private key and validated through a certificate issued by a recognized Certification Authority. The signer denies having signed the document, and the defense objects on the grounds of authentication. The proponent offers the CA-issued digital certificate, a time-stamp, and server logs showing access by the signer’s account. (a) Is the electronic document admissible under A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC, Rules 3-6? (b) What must be shown to authenticate the electronic signature and to establish the integrity of the document? (c) If the certificate is valid and the signature verified, how should the court treat the weight of the electronic document, and what additional considerations arise if the CA later revokes the certificate?