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Nico Santos, a solo parent, is employed as a shift supervisor at MedLab Private Co., a private hospital with 350 employees. He requests Special Parental Leave for Solo Parents (SPLE) under Republic Act No. 8972, as amended by Republic Act No. 11861, to accompany his child to a physician’s appointment and to attend a school activity on two workdays next week. He furnishes his Solo Parent Identification Card (SPIC) and his child’s birth certificate. The Human Resources Officer denies the request, stating that SPLE days are capped per year and that additional documentary proof beyond SPIC is required. (a) Identify the controlling doctrine and the scope of SPLE under the cited statutes. (b) Distinguish SPLE from ordinary leaves and explain its pay status. (c) Apply to the facts: should the employer grant SPLE? If denied, what remedies are available to Nico?