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DeltaBright Components, Inc. signs a Collective Bargaining Agreement with the DeltaBright Workers Union (DBWU). The Union Security Clause provides: “All regular employees shall become and remain members of DBWU as a condition of employment; new hires must join within 21 days from the date of hire, and non-members may be terminated at the employer’s sole discretion.” Angela Diaz, hired November 1, 2025, declines to join DBWU and is discharged on November 25, 2025 for non-membership. She files a complaint for illegal dismissal and violation of freedom of association. (a)Identify the controlling doctrine in Philippine labor law regarding the enforceability of union security clauses, with particular focus on whether a “closed shop” or a “union shop” is permissible. (b)Distinguish between a closed shop and a union shop and state which, if any, the above clause attempts to impose. (c)Apply the doctrine to Diaz’s facts: is her discharge valid or not? What remedies, if any, should apply to Diaz and why?