Civil Code of the Philippines (RA 386) Civil Law CHAPTER 1 / Effect and Application of Laws CHAPTER 2 / Human Relations (n) BOOK I / PERSONS TITLE I / CIVIL PERSONALITY CHAPTER 1 / General Provisions CHAPTER 2 / Natural...
Local Government Code of 1991 Political / Public Law BOOK I / GENERAL PROVISIONS TITLE I / BASIC PRINCIPLES CHAPTER I / The Code: Policy and Application Section 1. Title Section 2. Declaration of Policy Section 3. Operat...
...ippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, Section 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military Section 4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and Section 5. The maintenance...
Labor Code of the Philippines Labor & Social Legislation Chapter I / GENERAL PROVISIONS Chapter II / EMANCIPATION OF TENANTS BOOK ONE / PRE-EMPLOYMENT Title I / RECRUITMENT AND PLACEMENT OF WORKERS Chapter II / REGULATIO...
Administrative Code of 1987 Political / Public Law INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS Section 1. Title Section 2. General Terms Defined BOOK I CHAPTER 1 / THE NATIONAL TERRITORY Section 3. What Comprises National Territory Section...
...tion 4. Credit construed Section 5. Liability under the Revised Penal Code Section 6. Separability clause Section 7. Effectivity ARTICLE I / Title, Policy, Principles and Definitions of Terms Section 1. Title Section 2...
J Joaquin Reyes, a Filipino seller, owns a parcel of land in Iloilo. He signs a contract of sale with Northbridge Holdings Ltd., a Canadian corporation, for the same parcel. The contract is signed in Vancouver on June 5...
Citations: 1987 Constitution, Article XII, Section 7 (foreign ownership of land restrictions), Krivenko v. Register of Deeds (aliens cannot own private lands in the Philippines), Civil Code provisions on conflicts of laws (lex contractus vs. lex rei sitae)
...engages a notary public to authenticate a deed transferring ownership of a parcel of land. The notary, knowing that the title is disputed and that the deed is forged, issues a notarial certificate stating that the instru...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 386), especially provisions on quasi-delict (Article 2176) and moral damages in property transactions.
...ct matter of special proceedings Section 2. Applicability of rules of civil actions RULE 73 / Venue and Process Section 1. Where estate of deceased persons settled Section 2. Where estate settled upon dissolution of marr...
Natural Resources Laws Special / Miscellaneous Codals (often compiled) 1987 Constitution - Article XII National Economy and Patrimony ARTICLE XII NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY Section 1. The goals of the national econom...
Property Registration Decree (PD 1529) Civil Law CHAPTER I / GENERAL PROVISIONS Section 1. Title of Decree Section 2. Nature of registration proceedings; jurisdiction of courts Section 3. Status of other pre-existing lan...
Luz and Miro own a parcel of land as co-owners in equal undivided shares. Without Luz’s knowledge, Miro constructs a two-story warehouse that occupies the entire parcel and exerts exclusive possession, securing a loan wi...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines, especially the provisions on co-ownership, partition, and sale of co-owned property (undivided shares; right to partition; partition by sale when in-kind division is impracticable); and the effect of encumbrances and leases on partition outcomes.
...: “NovaTech Dynamics, Inc., a corporation to be formed under the laws of the Philippines,” and is signed by Alexis in her capacity as promoter. The supplier delivers the chips; after incorporation, NovaTech Dynamics, Inc...
Citations: Revised Corporation Code, RA 11232 (adoption/novation of pre-incorporation contracts), Corporation Code of the Philippines (BP Blg. 68), Civil Code provisions on agency and contracts (principles governing agency-by-expression or implied authority in promoter situations)
(a) State the definition of ownership under Philippine Civil Law and identify its essential elements. (b) A 1,200-square-meter urban lot is titled in the name of a relative who rarely uses it. A neighbor, Marco, has live...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 386) – ownership and acquisitive prescription provisions.
...he right of the Presidential Decree No. 1152 - Philippine Environment Code Section 1. Short Title TITLE-AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT Section 2. Purposes CHAPTER I-STANDARDS Section 3. Ambient Air Quality Standards Section 4. N...
A municipal mayor signs a 2-year lease of a city-owned market complex to a private operator for a total value of 12,000,000 pesos, acting on behalf of the City. The mayor asserts authority from a city council resolution...
Citations: Local Government Code of the Philippines (RA 7160) on the powers of local executives and sanggunian;, Civil Code provisions on agency and authority (principles of actual vs apparent authority and ultra vires acts);, Local government procedures and budgetary requirements governing authority to enter into contracts and leases.
Terra, owner of a 1,200 sq m parcel of land, orally agrees to sell to Kai for PHP 5,500,000. The land is titled in Terra’s name. No public instrument is executed to transfer the property; no notarization is made. Kai pay...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines, especially the rule that a sale of immovable property must be in a public instrument to be enforceable; lack of such form makes the contract unenforceable., Civil Code provisions on unenforceable contracts (Art. 1403) and the consequences of curing form defects by later execution of a public instrument and registration.
The City of Marivela owns a 2,000-square-meter riverside public plaza along the Marivela River, historically used for markets and civic events. The city council passes Ordinance No. 2027-05 purporting to alienate 300 squ...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article XII (Lands of the public domain; public dominion);, Commonwealth Act No. 141 (Public Land Act) and related mechanisms classifying lands as alienable/disposable when properly withdrawn;, Presidential Decree No. 705 (Forestry Code) and related public-domain land considerations;
...00 per month and grants Mina quiet enjoyment and exclusive possession of the unit. Lessor is obligated to deliver possession and to keep the premises in a condition fit for residential use. Three months into the lease, M...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines (lease provisions on possession and repairs), General principles on quiet enjoyment and habitability in Philippine lease law
...sp, controlled scenario and a clear three-part subquestion structure. Civil Code of the Philippines: provisions on contracts and option contracts (nature and...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines: provisions on contracts and option contracts (nature and enforceability), Philippine Supreme Court decisions recognizing option contracts and the binding effect of option money (as consideration for keeping an offer open), Legal treatises and commentaries on Special Contracts, Sale, and Options in Philippine civil law
...hilippines, Article III, Section 4 (Freedom of Speech), Revised Penal Code provisions on incitement to violence or lawless action and related criminal/offense-liability concepts...
Citations: Constitution of the Philippines, Article III, Section 4 (Freedom of Speech), Revised Penal Code provisions on incitement to violence or lawless action and related criminal/offense-liability concepts, Civil Service/Law governing liabilities of public officers for abuse of official powers (administrative consequences)
Family Code of the Philippines Civil Law TITLE I / MARRIAGE / Chapter 1. Requisites of Marriage Chapter 2. Marriages Exempted from License Requirement Chapter 3. Void and Voidable Marriages TITLE II / LEGAL SEPARATION TI...
Facts: A owns a parcel of land and negotiates a sale with B for PHP 3,200,000. They execute a deed of sale drafted by A’s attorney, and the document identifies a specific parcel with a stated area identical to what A des...
Citations: Civil Code of the Philippines (general provisions on contracts; vitiation of consent and rescission), Supreme Court guidance on rescission for vitiated consent and effect of encumbrances on reconveyance (Philippines)
...parcel described as "Forest Land, Public Domain" in the municipality of San Isidro is part of the public domain and remains unclassified as alienable and disposable. Seller A conveys the parcel to Buyer B through a deed...
Citations: Presidential Decree No. 1529 (Land Registration Decree), as amended, Forest Code of the Philippines (Presidential Decree No. 705), 1987 Constitution, Article XII, Section 2 (public domain lands; alienable and disposable)
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